Home Felix Gmünder / Schwimmen Ratgeber und Tipps | Swimming Tips and Advice |
Tropen- statt Höhentraining? | Tropical instead of high-altitude training? |
| |
Schwimmtraining
in den Tropen bedeutet für den Körper eine grosse Belastung
durch Hitze und Luftfeuchtigkeit. Wegen der erhöhten Wasser- und
Lufttemperatur haben die trainierenden Schwimmer Mühe, das thermische
Gleichgewicht zu halten. Dies äussert sich in erhöhten Pulsfrequenzen
und erweiterten Blutgefässen in der Haut. Die Schwimmer sind rasch
"überhitzt". | Swimming training in the tropics causes extra stress for the body in terms of heat and humidity. Higher water temperatures mean that exercising swimmers have difficulties in keeping internal body temperature at equilibrium. Consequently, they have higher heart rates and increased skin blood circulation. Swimmers get hot much more easily. To improve swimming performance at competitions, tapering and high altitude training have been used. Because training in atropical environment also causes extra stress like thin air at high altitude, a research group in Guyana hypothesised that a training period in the tropics will lead to better performance at a competition too (Hue et al.: The effect of 8 days of training in tropical environment on performance in neutral climate in swimmers. Int.J.Sports.Med. (2007) 28:48-52). The experiment consisted of three groups of swimmers, which prepared in a different way for the test. Six swimmers were assigned to an 8-day long training at high altitude (1800 m), six swimmers were sent for 8 days to a tropical climate at sea level, and four swimmers went through a tapering phase (control group). The test consisted of a 400 m freestyle maximum swimming test before the 8 days training phase and 10 and 30 days later. The results showed that the tropical group improved by 5 and 10%, 10 and 30 days after the training phase, respectively. The high altitude group did not show any significant differences. The tapering group swam about 7% slower after 10 days and the same speed after 30 days (s. Figure 1). |
Fig. 1. Unterschied in der Leistung in nach 10 Tagen (Post-10) und nach 30 Tagen (POST-30) nach der Trainingseinheit für die 3 Gruppen (TROP: Tropentrainingsgruppe, ALT: Höhentrainingsgruppe, TAP: Tapering-Gruppe). * p<0.05: Signifikanzgrad im Vergleich zum Basiswert vor der Intervention. | Fig. 1. Difference in performance (in %) after 10 days (Post-10) and after 30 days (Post-30) of stages for the three groups of swimmers (TROP: tropical group, ALT: altitude group, TAP: tapering group). * p<0.05: significance level in comparison to pre-intervention. |
Die Autoren geben in der Diskussion der Ergebnisse an, dass das Tapering wohl eher eine Ruhephase gewesen sei, nicht ein eigentliches Tapering, was das schlechte Abschneiden der Kontrollgruppe nach 10 Tagen erkläre. Hingegen sei das Training in den Tropen deutlich besser als Höhentraining geeignet, die Leistung im Hinblick auf einen 30 Tage später stattfindenden Wettkampf zu steigern. | The authors say that the tapering phase was actually more of a resting phase, not exactly a tapering phase, which could explain the low success of the tapering. In contrast, training in the tropics was much more successful than high altitude training in view of a competition 30 days later. |
Home Felix Gmünder
/ Schwimmen Ratgeber und Tipps | Swimming Tips and Advice |